Text Funcers

<

Compares strings lexicographically.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
other (param #1)	`Str`	another string
Output	`Bool`	true if the input appears before other in lexicographical order, false otherwise

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"a" <"b"`	`Bool`	`true`
`"Ab" <"A"`	`Bool`	`false`
`"cd" <"cd"`	`Bool`	`false`

>

Compares strings lexicographically.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
other (param #1)	`Str`	another string
Output	`Bool`	true if the input appears after other in lexicographical order, false otherwise

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"a" >"b"`	`Bool`	`false`
`"Ab" >"A"`	`Bool`	`true`
`"cd" >"cd"`	`Bool`	`false`

<=

Compares strings lexicographically.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
other (param #1)	`Str`	another string
Output	`Bool`	true if the input appears before other in lexicographical order or is equal to it, false otherwise

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"a" <="b"`	`Bool`	`true`
`"Ab" <="A"`	`Bool`	`false`
`"cd" <="cd"`	`Bool`	`true`

>=

Compares strings lexicographically.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
other (param #1)	`Str`	another string
Output	`Bool`	true if the input appears after other in lexicographical order or is equal to it, false otherwise

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"a" >="b"`	`Bool`	`false`
`"Ab" >="A"`	`Bool`	`true`
`"cd" >="cd"`	`Bool`	`true`

+

Concatenates two strings.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
b (param #1)	`Str`	another string
Output	`Str`	The input and b, concatenated.

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"ab" +"cd"`	`Str`	`"abcd"`
`"ab" +""`	`Str`	`"ab"`
`"" +"cd"`	`Str`	`"cd"`

bytes

Converts a string to bytes.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
Output	`Arr<Num...>`	The UTF-8 bytes representing the string.

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"abc" bytes`	`Arr<Num...>`	`[97, 98, 99]`
`"Köln" bytes`	`Arr<Num...>`	`[75, 195, 182, 108, 110]`
`"日本語" bytes`	`Arr<Num...>`	`[230, 151, 165, 230, 156, 172, 232, 170, 158]`
`"\x00" bytes`	`Arr<Num...>`	`[0]`

bytesToStr

Converts bytes to a string.

	Type	Value
Input	`Arr<Num...>`	an array of numbers (interpreted modulo 256 as UTF-8 bytes)
Output	`Str`	the string represented by the input

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`[97, 98, 99] bytesToStr`	`Str`	`"abc"`
`[75, 195, 182, 108, 110] bytesToStr`	`Str`	`"Köln"`
`[230, 151, 165, 230, 156, 172, 232, 170, 158] bytesToStr`	`Str`	`"日本語"`
`[0] bytesToStr`	`Str`	`"\x00"`
`[256] bytesToStr`	`Str`	`"\x00"`

codePoints

Converts a string to Unicode code points.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
Output	`Arr<Num...>`	the input represented as a sequence of code points

If the input string contains invalid UTF-8 byte sequences, they will be represented by the Unicode replacement character (code point 65533).

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"abc" codePoints`	`Arr<Num...>`	`[97, 98, 99]`
`"Köln" codePoints`	`Arr<Num...>`	`[75, 246, 108, 110]`
`"日本語" codePoints`	`Arr<Num...>`	`[26085, 26412, 35486]`
`"\x80" codePoints`	`Arr<Num...>`	`[65533]`

codePointsToStr

Converts Unicode code points to a string.

	Type	Value
Input	`Arr<Num...>`	a sequence of numbers
Output	`Str`	UTF-8 encoded version of the input

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`[97, 98, 99] codePointsToStr`	`Str`	`"abc"`
`[75, 246, 108, 110] codePointsToStr`	`Str`	`"Köln"`
`[26085, 26412, 35486] codePointsToStr`	`Str`	`"日本語"`
`[65533] codePointsToStr`	`Str`	`"�"`

fields

Splits a string around whitespace.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
Output	`Arr<Str...>`	the result of splitting the string around any kind or amount of white space

Examples

Program	Type	Value	Error
`" foo bar baz " fields`	`Arr<Str...>`	`["foo", "bar", "baz"]`

indexOf

Finds the position of a string within another.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	string to search inside
needle (param #1)	`Str`	string to search for
Output	`Num`	offset of first occurrence of needle from the beginning of the input, measured in bytes, or -1 if none

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"abc" indexOf("bc")`	`Num`	`1`
`"abc" indexOf("a")`	`Num`	`0`
`"abc" indexOf("d")`	`Num`	`-1`
`"Köln" indexOf("l")`	`Num`	`3`

join

Concatenates any number of strings.

	Type	Value
Input	`Arr<Str...>`	an array of strings
Output	`Str`	the concatenation of all the strings in the input

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`["ab", "cd", "ef"] join`	`Str`	`"abcdef"`
`["ab", "cd"] join`	`Str`	`"abcd"`
`["ab"] join`	`Str`	`"ab"`
`for Any def f Arr<Str...> as [] ok f join`	`Str`	`""`

join

Concatenates any number of strings with a custom delimiter.

	Type	Value
Input	`Arr<Str...>`	an array of strings
glue (param #1)	`Str`	delimiter to put between strings
Output	`Str`	the concatenation of all the strings in the input, with the glue in between

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`["ab", "cd", "ef"] join(";")`	`Str`	`"ab;cd;ef"`
`["ab", "", "cd"] join(";")`	`Str`	`"ab;;cd"`
`["ab"] join(";")`	`Str`	`"ab"`
`for Any def f Arr<Str...> as [] ok f join(";")`	`Str`	`""`

padEnd

Right-pads a string.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
targetLength (param #1)	`Num`	minimum string length for the output
padString (param #2)	`Str`	string to use as padding to bring the input to the desired length
Output	`Str`	the input followed by as many repetitions of padString as necessary to reach targetLength

padString is usually one character but can be longer, in which case each repetition starts from the left.

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"z" padEnd(2, " ")`	`Str`	`"z "`
`"z" padEnd(3, " ")`	`Str`	`"z "`
`"zzz" padEnd(3, " ")`	`Str`	`"zzz"`
`"zzzz" padEnd(3, " ")`	`Str`	`"zzzz"`
`"zzzz" padEnd(7, "ab")`	`Str`	`"zzzzaba"`

padStart

Left-pads a string.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
targetLength (param #1)	`Num`	minimum string length for the output
padString (param #2)	`Str`	string to use as padding to bring the input to the desired length
Output	`Str`	the input following as many repetitions of padString as necessary to reach targetLength

padString is usually one character but can be longer, in which case each repetition starts from the left.

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"z" padStart(2, " ")`	`Str`	`" z"`
`"z" padStart(3, " ")`	`Str`	`" z"`
`"zzz" padStart(3, " ")`	`Str`	`"zzz"`
`"zzzz" padStart(3, " ")`	`Str`	`"zzzz"`
`"zzzz" padStart(7, "ab")`	`Str`	`"abazzzz"`

replaceAll

Replaces substrings.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
needle (param #1)	`Str`	a substring to look for
replacement (param #2)	`Str`	a new string to replace needle with
Output	`Str`	the input with all occurrences of needle replaced with replacement

More precisely, whenever there are two or more overlapping occurrences of needle in the input, only the first one is replaced.

Examples

Program	Type	Value	Error
`"ababa" replaceAll("b", "c")`	`Str`	`"acaca"`

replaceFirst

Replaces a substring.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
needle (param #1)	`Str`	a substring to look for
replacement (param #2)	`Str`	a new string to replace needle with
Output	`Str`	the input with the first ocurrence of needle replaced with replacement

Examples

Program	Type	Value	Error
`"ababa" replaceFirst("b", "c")`	`Str`	`"acaba"`

startsWith

Checks whether a string starts with a specific substring.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
needle (param #1)	`Str`	a prefix to look for
Output	`Bool`	true if the input starts with needle, false otherwise

Examples

Program	Type	Value	Error
`"abc" startsWith("ab")`	`Bool`	`true`
`"abc" startsWith("b")`	`Bool`	`false`

endsWith

Checks whether a string ends with a specific substring.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
needle (param #1)	`Str`	a suffix to look for
Output	`Bool`	true if the input ends with needle, false otherwise

Examples

Program	Type	Value	Error
`"abc" endsWith("bc")`	`Bool`	`true`
`"abc" endsWith("b")`	`Bool`	`false`

repeat

Concatenates multiple repetitions of a string.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
n (param #1)	`Num`	number of repetitions (will be truncated and min'd to 0)
Output	`Str`	the input, repeated n times

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"abc" repeat(3)`	`Str`	`"abcabcabc"`
`"abc" repeat(0)`	`Str`	`""`
`"abc" repeat(-1)`	`Str`	`""`
`"abc" repeat(1.6)`	`Str`	`"abc"`

slice

Extracts a substring from a string.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
start (param #1)	`Num`	a positive integer
Output	`Str`	the portion of the input that is after offset start

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"abc" slice(-4)`	`Str`	`"abc"`
`"abc" slice(-3)`	`Str`	`"abc"`
`"abc" slice(-2)`	`Str`	`"bc"`
`"abc" slice(-1)`	`Str`	`"c"`
`"abc" slice(0)`	`Str`	`"abc"`
`"abc" slice(1)`	`Str`	`"bc"`
`"abc" slice(2)`	`Str`	`"c"`
`"abc" slice(3)`	`Str`	`""`
`"abc" slice(4)`	`Str`	`""`

slice

Extracts a substring from a string.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
start (param #1)	`Num`	offset to start after
end (param #2)	`Num`	offset to end before
Output	`Str`	the portion of the input that is after offset start but before offset end

Negative offsets are counted from the end of the string.

Examples

Program	Type	Value
`"abc" slice(1, 2)`	`Str`	`"b"`
`"abc" slice(1, -1)`	`Str`	`"b"`
`"abc" slice(-2, -1)`	`Str`	`"b"`
`"abc" slice(-1, -2)`	`Str`	`""`
`"abc" slice(2, 1)`	`Str`	`""`
`"abc" slice(-5, -4)`	`Str`	`""`
`"abc" slice(-5, -3)`	`Str`	`""`
`"abc" slice(-5, -2)`	`Str`	`"a"`
`"abc" slice(-5, -1)`	`Str`	`"ab"`
`"abc" slice(-1, -5)`	`Str`	`""`
`"abc" slice(2, -5)`	`Str`	`""`
`"abc" slice(0, 4)`	`Str`	`"abc"`
`"abc" slice(4, 4)`	`Str`	`""`

trim

Removes whitespace from the start and end of a string.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
Output	`Str`	the input, with leading and trailing whitespace removed

Examples

Program	Type	Value	Error
`" abc " trim`	`Str`	`"abc"`

trimStart

Removes whitespace from the start of a string.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
Output	`Str`	the input, with leading whitespace removed

Examples

Program	Type	Value	Error
`" abc " trimStart`	`Str`	`"abc "`

trimEnd

Removes whitespace from the end of a string.

	Type	Value
Input	`Str`	a string
Output	`Str`	the input, with trailing whitespace removed

Examples

Program	Type	Value	Error
`" abc " trimEnd`	`Str`	`" abc"`

The Bach Programming Language